Standards
CEN
Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Part 1: Indoor work places
EN 12464-1:2011

This European Standard specifies lighting requirements for humans in indoor work places, which meet the needs for visual comfort and performance of people having normal ophthalmic (visual) capacity. All usual visual tasks are considered, including Display Screen Equipment (DSE). This European Standard specifies requirements for lighting solutions for most indoor work places and their associated areas in terms of quantity and quality of illumination. In addition recommendations are given for good lighting practice. This European Standard does not specify lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of people at work and has not been prepared in the field of application of Article 137 of the EC treaty, although the lighting requirements, as specified in this European Standard, usually fulfil safety needs. Lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of workers at work can be contained in Directives based on Article 137 of the EC treaty, in national legislation of member states implementing these directives or in other national legislation of member states. This European Standard neither provides specific solutions, nor restricts the designer’s freedom from exploring new techniques nor restricts the use of innovative equipment. The illumination can be provided by daylight, artificial lighting or a combination of both. This European Standard is not applicable for the lighting of outdoor work places and underground mining or emergency lighting.

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Energy performance of buildings - Energy requirements for lighting
EN 15193:2007

This European Standard specifies the calculation methodology for the evaluation of the amount of energy used for indoor lighting inside the building and provides a numeric indicator for lighting energy requirements used for certification purposes. This European Standard can be used for existing buildings and for the design of new or renovated buildings. It also provides reference schemes to base the targets for energy allocated for lighting usage. This European Standard also provides a methodology for the calculation of instantaneous lighting energy use for the estimation of the total energy performance of the building. Parasitic powers not included in the luminaire are excluded. In this European Standard, the buildings are classified in the following categories: offices, education buildings, hospitals, hotels, restaurants, sports facilities, wholesale and retail services and manufacturing factories. In some locations outside lighting may be fed with power from the building. This lighting may be used for illumination of the façade, open-air car park lighting, security lighting, garden lighting etc. These lighting systems may consume significant energy and if they are fed from the building, this load will not be included in the Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator or into the values used for heating and cooling load estimate. If metering of the lighting load is employed, these loads may be included in the measured lighting energy.

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The publication of this abstract has been granted by Fonden Dansk Standard.


Energy performance of buildings - Energy requirements for lighting
EN 15193/AC:2010

This European Standard specifies the calculation methodology for the evaluation of the amount of energy used for indoor lighting inside the building and provides a numeric indicator for lighting energy requirements used for certification purposes. This European Standard can be used for existing buildings and for the design of new or renovated buildings. It also provides reference schemes to base the targets for energy allocated for lighting usage. This European Standard also provides a methodology for the calculation of instantaneous lighting energy use for the estimation of the total energy performance of the building. Parasitic powers not included in the luminaire are excluded. In this European Standard, the buildings are classified in the following categories: offices, education buildings, hospitals, hotels, restaurants, sports facilities, wholesale and retail services and manufacturing factories. In some locations outside lighting may be fed with power from the building. This lighting may be used for illumination of the façade, open-air car park lighting, security lighting, garden lighting etc. These lighting systems may consume significant energy and if they are fed from the building, this load will not be included in the Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator or into the values used for heating and cooling load estimate. If metering of the lighting load is employed, these loads may be included in the measured lighting energy.

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The publication of this abstract has been granted by Fonden Dansk Standard.


Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics
EN 15251:2007

This European Standard specifies the indoor environmental parameters which have an impact on the energy performance of buildings. – The standard specifies how to establish indoor environmental input parameters for building system design and energy performance calculations. – The standard specifies methods for long term evaluation of the indoor environment obtained as a result of calculations or measurements. – The standard specifies criteria for measurements which can be used if required to measure compliance by inspection. – The standard identifies parameters to be used by monitoring and displaying the indoor environment in existing buildings. – This standard is applicable mainly in non-industrial buildings where the criteria for indoor environment are set by human occupancy and where the production or process does not have a major impact on indoor environment. The standard is thus applicable to the following building types: single family houses, apartment buildings, offices, educational buildings, hospitals, hotels and restaurants, sports facilities, wholesale and retail trade service buildings. – The standard specifies how different categories of criteria for the indoor environment can be used. But does not require certain criteria to be used. This is up to national regulations or individual project specifications. – The recommended criteria in this standard can also be used in national calculation methods, which may be different to the methods referred to here. – The standard does not prescribe design methods, but give input parameters to the design of buildings, heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting systems. The standard does not include criteria for local discomfort factors like draught, radiant temperature asymmetry, vertical air temperature differences and floor surface temperatures.

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Light and lighting - Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements
EN 12665:2011

This European Standard defines basic terms and definitions for use in all lighting applications. This European Standard also sets out a framework for the specification of lighting requirements, giving details of aspects which have to be considered when setting those requirements.

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The publication of this abstract has been granted by Fonden Dansk Standard.


Solar protection devices combined with glazing - Calculation of solar and light transmittance - Part 1: Simplified method
EN 13363-1:2003 + A1:2007

This European Standard specifies a simplified method based on the thermal transmittance and total solar energy transmittance of the glazing and on the light transmittance and reflectance of the solar protection device to estimate the total solar energy transmittance of a solar protection device combined with glazing. The method applies to all types of solar protection devices parallel to the glazing such as louvre, venetian or roller blinds. The position of the solar protection device can be interior, exterior or between single panes in a dual glazing system. It is applicable when the total solar energy transmittance of the glazing is between 0,15 and 0,85. Venetian or louvre blinds are assumed to be adjusted so that there is no direct solar penetration. It is assumed that for external solar protection devices and for integrated solar protection devices, the space between the solar protection devices and the glazing is unventilated and for internal solar protection devices this space is ventilated. The resulting g-values of the simplified method given here are approximate and their deviation from the exact values lie within the range between +0,10 and -0,02. The results generally tend to lie on the safe side for cooling load estimations. The results are not intended to be used for calculating beneficial solar gains or thermal comfort criteria. The simplified method is based on the normal incidence of radiation and does not take into account either the angular dependence of transmittance and the reflectance or the differences of spectral distribution. An allowance can be made for this fact when applying the method.

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The publication of this abstract has been granted by Fonden Dansk Standard.


Solar protection devices combined with glazing - Calculation of total solar energy transmittance and light transmittance - Part 2: Detailed calculation method
EN 13363-2:2005/AC:2006

This document specifies a detailed method, based on the spectral transmission data of the materials, comprising the solar protection devices and the glazing, to determine the total solar energy transmittance and other relevant solar-optical data of the combination. If spectral data are not available the methodology can be adapted to use integrated data. The method is valid for all types of solar protection devices parallel to the glazing such as louvres, or venetian, or roller blinds. The blind may be located internally, externally, or enclosed between the panes of the glazing. Ventilation of the blind is allowed for in each of these positions in determining the solar energy absorbed by the glazing or blind components, for vertical orientation of the glazing. The blind component materials may be transparent, translucent or opaque, combined with glazing components with known solar transmittance and reflectance and with known emissivity for thermal radiation. The method is based on a normal incidence of radiation and does not take into account an angular dependence of transmittance or reflectance of the materials. Diffuse irradiation or radiation diffused by solar protection devices is treated as if it were direct. Louvres or venetian blinds are treated as homogenous materials by equivalent solar optical characteristics, which may depend on the angle of the incidence radiation. For situations outside the scope of this document; ISO 15099 covers a wider range of situations. The document also gives certain normalised situations, additional assumptions and necessary boundary conditions.

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The publication of this abstract has been granted by Fonden Dansk Standard.


Glass in building - Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing
EN 410:2011

This European Standard specifies methods of determining the luminous and solar characteristics of glazing in buildings. These characteristic can serve as a basis for lighting, heating and cooling calculations of rooms and permit comparison between different types of glazing. This European Standard applies both to conventional glazing and to absorbing or reflecting solar-control glazing, used as vertical or horizontal glazed apertures. The appropriate formulae for single, double and triple glazing are given. This European Standard is accordingly applicable to all transparent materials except those which show significant transmission in the wavelength region 5 µm to 50 µm of ambient temperature radiation, such as certain plastic materials. Materials with light-scattering properties for incident radiation are dealt with as conventional transparent materials subject to certain conditions (see 5.2). Angular light and solar properties of glass in building are excluded from this Standard. However, research work in this area is summarised in E.1, E.2 and E.3. While this European Standard presents the formulae for the exact calculations of the spectral characteristics of glazing, it does not consider the uncertainty of the measurements necessary to determine the spectral parameters that are used in the calculations. It should be noted that, for simple glazing systems where few measurements are required, the uncertainty of the results will be satisfactory if correct measurements procedures have been followed. When the glazing systems become complex and a large number of measurements are required to determine the spectral parameters, the uncertainty is cumulative with the number of measurements and should be considered in the final results. The term interface used in this European Standard, is considered to be a surface characterized by its transmission and reflections of light intensities.

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The publication of this abstract has been granted by Fonden Dansk Standard.


Solar protection devices combined with glazing - Calculation of total solar energy transmittance and light transmittance - Part 2: Detailed calculation method
EN 13363-2:2005

This document specifies a detailed method, based on the spectral transmission data of the materials, comprising the solar protection devices and the glazing, to determine the total solar energy transmittance and other relevant solar-optical data of the combination. If spectral data are not available the methodology can be adapted to use integrated data. The method is valid for all types of solar protection devices parallel to the glazing such as louvres, or venetian, or roller blinds. The blind may be located internally, externally, or enclosed between the panes of the glazing. Ventilation of the blind is allowed for in each of these positions in determining the solar energy absorbed by the glazing or blind components, for vertical orientation of the glazing. The blind component materials may be transparent, translucent or opaque, combined with glazing components with known solar transmittance and reflectance and with known emissivity for thermal radiation. The method is based on a normal incidence of radiation and does not take into account an angular dependence of transmittance or reflectance of the materials. Diffuse irradiation or radiation diffused by solar protection devices is treated as if it were direct. Louvres or venetian blinds are treated as homogenous materials by equivalent solar optical characteristics, which may depend on the angle of the incidence radiation. For situations outside the scope of this document; ISO 15099 covers a wider range of situations. The document also gives certain normalised situations, additional assumptions and necessary boundary conditions.

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The publication of this abstract has been granted by Fonden Dansk Standard.


Blinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Performance characteristics and classification
EN 14501:2005

This European Standard applies to the whole range of shutters, awnings and blinds defined in EN 12216, described as solar protection devices in this European Standard. It states the properties that shall be taken into account when comparing products. It also specifies the corresponding parameters and classifications to quantify the following properties: – for the thermal comfort: – the solar factor (total solar energy transmittance); – the secondary heat transfer factor; – the direct solar transmittance; – for the visual comfort: – the opacity control; – the night privacy; – the visual contact with the outside; – the glare control; – the daylight utilisation; – the rendering of colours. NOTE For other purposes, more detailed methods using different parameters can be used. Some of the characteristics (e.g. gtot) are not applicable when products are not parallel to the glazing (e.g. folding-arm awnings). This European Standard is not applicable to the products using fluorescent materials.

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The publication of this abstract has been granted by Fonden Dansk Standard.


Colorimetry - Part 2: CIE standard illuminants
EN ISO 11664-2:2011

This International Standard specifies two illuminants for use in colorimetry. The illuminants, which are defined in clauses 4 and 5 of this International Standard, are as follows: a) CIE standard illuminant A This is intended to represent typical, domestic, tungsten-filament lighting. Its relative spectral power distribution is that of a Planckian radiator at a temperature of approximately 2 856 K. CIE standard illuminant A should be used in all applications of colorimetry involving the use of incandescent lighting, unless there are specific reasons for using a different illuminant. b) CIE standard illuminant D65 This is intended to represent average daylight and has a correlated colour temperature of approximately 6 500 K. CIE standard illuminant D65 should be used in all colorimetric calculations requiring representative daylight, unless there are specific reasons for using a different illuminant. Variations in the relative spectral power distribution of daylight are known to occur, particularly in the ultraviolet spectral region, as a function of season, time of day, and geographic location. However, CIE standard illuminant D65 should be used pending the availability of additional information on these variations. Values for the relative spectral power distribution of CIE standard illuminants A and D65 are given in Table 1 of this International Standard. Values are given at 1 nm intervals from 300 nm to 830 nm. The term “illuminant” refers to a defined spectral power distribution, not necessarily realizable or provided by an artificial source. Illuminants are used in colorimetry to compute the tristimulus values of reflected or transmitted object colours under specified conditions of illumination. The CIE has also defined illuminant C and other illuminants D. These illuminants are described in Publication CIE 15:2004 but they do not have the status of primary CIE standards accorded to the CIE standard illuminants A and D65 described in this International Standard. It is recommended that one of the two CIE standard illuminants defined in this International Standard be used wherever possible. This will greatly facilitate the comparison of published results. It is noted that in the fields of graphic arts and photography extensive use is also made of CIE illuminant D50. In most practical applications of colorimetry, it is sufficient to use the values of CIE standard illuminants A and D65 at less frequent wavelength intervals or in a narrower spectral region than defined in this Standard. Data and guidelines that facilitate such practice are provided in Publication CIE 15:2004, together with other recommended procedures for practical colorimetry. The term “source” refers to a physical emitter of light, such as a lamp or the sky. In certain cases, the CIE recommends laboratory sources that approximate the spectral power distributions of CIE illuminants. In all cases, however, the definition of a CIE recommended source is secondary to the definition of the corresponding CIE illuminant, because of the possibility that, from time to time, new developments will lead to improved sources that represent a particular illuminant more accurately or are more suitable for laboratory use. Subclause 6.1 of this International Standard describes CIE source A, which is recommended for laboratory realizations of CIE standard illuminant A. At present, there is no CIE recommended source representing CIE standard illuminant D65.

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Colorimetry - Part 3: CIE tristimulus values
EN ISO 11664-3:2013

ISO 11664-3:2012 specifies methods of calculating the tristimulus values of colour stimuli for which the spectral distributions are provided. These colour stimuli may be produced by self-luminous light sources or by reflecting or transmitting objects.

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ISO
Spatial distribution of daylight -- CIE standard general sky
ISO 15469:2004 (CIE S 011/E:2003)

ISO 15469:2004 defines a set of outdoor daylight conditions linking sunlight and skylight for theoretical and practical purposes.

http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=38608

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Building environment design – Indoor environment – General principles
ISO 16813:2006

This International Standard establishes the general principles of building environment design taking into account healthy indoor environment for the occupants and protecting the environment for future generations. This International Standard promotes an approach in which the various parties involved in building environmental design collaborate with one another to provide a sustainable building environment. The unique features of the design process are articulated by the following aims: – to provide the constraints concerning sustainability issues from the initial stage of the design process, – to assess the proposed design with rational criteria for indoor air quality, thermal comfort, acoustical comfort, visual comfort, energy efficiency, and HVAC system controls at every stage of the design process, and – To make iterations between decisions and evaluations of the design throughout the design process. The building environment design involves not only architectural design associated with environmental quality but also environmental system design fro new consrtuciton and the retrotfit of existing buildings.

http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=41300

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Building environment design - Indoor environment - Design process for visual environment
ISO 16817:2012

This International Standard provides an integrated design process for high-quality indoor visual environment including architectural and engineering aspects of daylighting and artificial lighting for user’s satisfaction, well-being, productivity, energy efficiency and sustainability.

http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=50479

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Building environment design - Guidelines to assess energy efficiency of new buildings
ISO 23045:2009

This International Standard gives guidelines related to energy efficiency in buildings as introduced in standard ISO 16813. The objectives of this standard are to help contractors: – to assume collection and provision of the useful data that are introduced at different steps of the design process and to fulfil the definitions of the building as prepared by building designers. – to assume decisions about building under definition, systems and products and heating/cooling equipment. This International Standard is applicable to space conditioning equipment and water heating equipment used in new buildings. This International Standard applies to new buildings. It is assumed that the conditions of indoor spaces are maintained within the comfortable range with regard to temperature, humidity, air quality, acoustics and light. Systems to be considered to assess energy efficiency of the building are: heating, cooling, lighting, domestic hot water ventilation and related control or building automation. Building automation system requirements shall be introduced as they assume the operating conditions and set points to be adequate with the targets values

http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=45694

The publication of this abstract has been granted by Fonden Dansk Standard.